Who invented the plunger?

John S. Hawley, a New York confectioner, invented the modern plunger in 1874, initially patenting it as a "vent-clearer" designed to clear clogged pipes. His patent described a rubber cup attached to a handle, which allowed users to clear obstructions without needing a plumber. In 1876, he improved the design by adding a thickened rim for durability and effectiveness. Although Samuel Prosser had patented a similar device in 1777 for toilet flushing, Hawley's design is recognized as the precursor to the household plunger we use today. 

After inventing the plunger, John S. Hawley pursued various careers, primarily in the candy industry. He joined Wallace & Company as a junior partner before starting his own confectionery business in 1875. This led to the establishment of Hawley & Hoops, a successful candy company known for diverse products, including chocolate and licorice confections. Hawley's entrepreneurial ventures spanned multiple states and included roles in the lumber and mining industries, showcasing his diverse interests and successes beyond the plumbing tool he invented