Earth Atmosphere

 Passage

The Earth’s atmosphere is a unique protective layer, extending about 1000 km above the planet’s surface. It is composed of gases like nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and trace elements. One of the most critical functions of the atmosphere is to shield life on Earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which is absorbed by the ozone layer in the stratosphere. This protective barrier prevents excessive UV rays from reaching the Earth's surface, thereby reducing the risk of skin cancers, eye cataracts, and other health problems in humans.

However, human activities have started to impact this vital shield. The release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), previously used in refrigeration and aerosol sprays, has caused significant damage to the ozone layer, resulting in what is commonly known as the “ozone hole.” Though international agreements like the Montreal Protocol have significantly reduced CFC emissions, the recovery of the ozone layer is a slow process, expected to take several decades.

Besides protecting against UV radiation, the atmosphere plays an essential role in regulating the Earth’s climate. Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane trap heat, maintaining the planet’s temperature at a level that sustains life. However, human-induced increases in these gases have led to global warming, a phenomenon that has already started causing widespread changes, such as rising sea levels and extreme weather patterns.

Addressing these environmental issues requires collective global action. Governments, organizations, and individuals all have a role to play in reducing pollution, adopting renewable energy sources, and promoting sustainable practices. Education about environmental conservation is one of the most powerful tools we have to protect our planet for future generations.

### Questions:

1. What is the function of the Earth’s atmosphere according to the passage?

2. How does the ozone layer protect life on Earth?

3. What caused damage to the ozone layer, and how has it been addressed?

4. Define the role of greenhouse gases mentioned in the passage.

5. What are the consequences of increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?

6. How can individuals contribute to protecting the environment?