CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT IN INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY

CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT IN INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY

Industrial society emerged mainly after the Industrial Revolution. It is based on machines, factories, modern technology, and large-scale production.

Meaning of Industrial Society

An industrial society is a society where industrial production, factory system, modern technology, and urban lifestyle dominate social life.

Main Features of Industrial Society

1. Use of machinery and advanced technology

2. Factory system of production

3. Urbanization – growth of cities

4. Specialization of work – different people for different jobs

5. Impersonal relationships – relations based on work, not family

6. High social mobility – people can change jobs and status

7. Contract-based relations – less emotional, more formal

Change in Industrial Society

Industrial society has undergone many changes:

1. Technological Change

• Computers, Internet, automation

• Increase in productivity

• Machines replacing human labour

2. Changes in Family

• Nuclear families increasing

• Dual-working couples

• Less joint families

3. Changes in Work and Employment

• Rise of service sector

• Growth of corporate jobs

• Skilled labour needed

4. Urbanization

• Villagers move to cities for jobs

• Rise of slums

• Housing shortages

5. Social Mobility

• More opportunities for upward movement

• Education becomes key to success

6. Changes in Women’s Role

• Women entering jobs

• Economic independence

• Changing gender roles

Development in Industrial Society

Development aims to improve the quality of life.

Positive Aspects

1. Higher income and living standards

2. Better education and health services

3. Modern transport and communication

4. More job opportunities

Negative Aspects

1. Pollution

2. Urban crowding and slums

3. Stress and mental health problems

4. Breakdown of joint families

5. Inequality and exploitation of labour

2. CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL SOCIETY

Rural society refers to villages, where people traditionally depend on agriculture, caste system, and community relationships.

Meaning of Rural Society

A rural society is a community where agriculture is the main occupation and where social relations are close and personal.

Main Features of Rural Society

1. Agriculture-based economy

2. Strong caste system

3. Joint family system

4. Traditional lifestyle

5. Slow social change

6. Close personal relationships

Change in Rural Society

1. Agricultural Changes

• Green Revolution increased production

• Use of fertilizers, HYV seeds, machines

• Commercial farming instead of subsistence farming

2. Decline of Caste System

• Less discrimination

• Reservations improving equality

• Inter-caste interactions increasing

3. Changes in Family System

• From joint families → nuclear families

• Higher education and jobs pull youth to cities

4. Occupational Change

• Not only farming; new jobs in business, transport, shops, services

• Migration to cities and abroad

5. Urban Influence

• Mobile phones, internet, TV

• Modern thinking spreading

• Villages connected to cities by roads

6. Panchayat System

• More political participation

• Women and SC/ST reservation

• Development programs in villages

Development in Rural Society

Development includes economic, social, and political progress.

Positive Aspects

1. Better irrigation and roads

2. Rural electrification

3. Government schemes (MGNREGA, PM Awas Yojana)

4. Education and health facilities improving

5. Women empowerment through SHGs

Negative Aspects

1. Unequal land distribution

2. Poverty in many families

3. Farmer suicides (debt, crop failure)

4. Migration leading to empty villages

5. Decline of traditional crafts and skills

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RURAL AND INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY

Rural Society	Industrial Society
Agriculture-based	Industry & services based
Joint families	Nuclear families
Slow change	Fast change
Strong caste system	Weak caste system
Personal relationships	Impersonal/formal relationships
Low social mobility	High social mobility
Traditional lifestyle	Modern lifestyle

Q1. What are the main features of industrial society?

Ans: The main features are:

1. Use of machines

2. Factory production

3. Urbanization

4. Specialization of work

5. Impersonal relations

6. High mobility

Q2. Explain any four changes in rural society.

Ans:

1. Green Revolution modernized agriculture

2. Decline of caste system

3. Increase of nuclear families

4. Occupational diversification

Q3. Write differences between rural and industrial society.

Ans:
Rural society is agriculture-based, traditional, and slow-changing.
Industrial society is urban, modern, technology-based, and fast-changing.

Q4. What is the impact of urbanization on rural society?

Ans:

• Migration to cities

• New ideas and modern values spread

• Change in occupations

• Joint families decline

• Better education and lifestyle

Q5. What are the positive impacts of development in industrial society?

Ans:

• Better income

• Improved technology

• More job opportunities

• Better hospitals and schools